The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial communication interface specification used for short-distance communication, primarily in embedded systems. The interface was developed by Motorola in the mid-1980s and has become a de facto standard. Typical applications include Secure Digital cards and liquid crystal displays.
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Sometimes SPI is called a four-wire serial bus, contrasting with three-, two-, and one-wire serial buses. The SPI may be accurately described as a synchronous serial interface,[1] but it is different from the Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) protocol, which is also a four-wire synchronous serial communication protocol. The SSI protocol employs differential signaling and provides only a single simplex communication channel. For any given transaction SPI is one master and multi slave communication.
Another variation uses exactly two chip selects. One chip select controls a block of selection logic, the other is routed by the selection logic. The application is common enough that there are available serial-controlled multiplexers.[6] This can standardize and future-proof a connector, so that a controller can support many devices with a change of software. A similar application pairs serial controlled multiplexer with a merchant USB-to-SPI controller,[7] controlled by a PC or smart-phone. This permits many types of "dumb" electronic devices to be controlled by inexpensive mass-produced computers.
The key parameters of SPI are: the maximum supported frequency for the serial interface, command-to-command latency and the maximum length for SPI commands. It is possible to find SPI adapters on the market today that support up to 100 MHz serial interfaces, with virtually unlimited access length.
SPI protocol being a de facto standard, some SPI host adapters also have the ability of supporting other protocols beyond the traditional 4-wire SPI (for example, support of quad-SPI protocol or other custom serial protocol that derive from SPI[15]).
For instances where the full-duplex nature of SPI is not used, an extension uses both data pins in a half-duplex configuration to send two bits per clock cycle. Typically a command byte is sent requesting a response in dual mode, after which the MOSI line becomes SIO0 (serial I/O 0) and carries even bits, while the MISO line becomes SIO1 and carries odd bits. Data is still transmitted msbit-first, but SIO1 carries bits 7, 5, 3 and 1 of each byte, while SIO0 carries bits 6, 4, 2 and 0.
Further extending quad SPI, some devices support a "quad everything" mode where all communication takes place over 4 data lines, including commands.[24] This is variously called "QPI"[23] (not to be confused with Intel QuickPath Interconnect) or "serial quad I/O" (SQI)[25]
A more-easily quantifiable change around sockets is dotnet/runtime#71090, which improves the performance of SocketAddress.Equals. A SocketAddress is the serialized form of an EndPoint, with a byte[] containing the sequence of bytes that represent the address. Its Equals method, used to determine whether to SocketAddress instances are the same, looped over that byte[] byte-by-byte. Not only is such code gratuitous when there are now helpers available like SequenceEqual for comparing spans, doing it byte-by-byte is also much less efficient than the vectorized implementation in SequenceEqual. Thus, this PR simply replaced the open-coded comparison loop with a call to SequenceEqual.
System.Text.Json was introduced in .NET Core 3.0, and has seen a significant amount of investment in each release since. .NET 7 is no exception. New features in .NET 7 include support for customizing contracts, polymorphic serialization, support for required members, support for DateOnly / TimeOnly, support for IAsyncEnumerable and JsonDocument in source generation, and support for configuring MaxDepth in JsonWriterOptions. However, there have also been new features specifically focused on performance, and other changes about improving performance of JSON handling in a variety of scenarios.
Another change to JsonSerializer came in dotnet/runtime#72510, which slightly improved the performance of serialization when using the source generator. The source generator emits helpers for performing the serialization/deserialization work, and these are then invoked by JsonSerializer via delegates (as part of abstracting away all the different implementation strategies for how to get and set members on the types being serialized and deserialized). Previously, these helpers were being emitted as static methods, which in turn meant that the delegates were being created to static methods. Delegates to instance methods are a bit faster to invoke than delegates to static methods, so this PR made a simple few-line change for the source generator to emit these as instance methods instead.
1: Connect an LCD or HDMI monitor to your board and work with EFlasher's GUI. If the LCD doesn't support touch functions you need to connect a USB mouse to your board and proceed;2: Connect your board to a LAN, login onto the board with SSH and type "eflasher" in a commandline utility and proceed with prompts;(Note: when you login with SSH the username is root and the password is fa. Your board's IP address can be found by checking the router's system)3: Login onto your board via a serial terminal and type "eflasher" to proceed; 4: Connect a lcd2usb to NanoPC-T4, press the K1 button on the LCD2USB board to select your wanted OS and press the K2 button to confirm. The installation process will be shown on lcd2usb;
Note: it is not supported to burn Android10 through Typc-C under Linux; Linux_Upgrade_Tool is a Linux utility provided by Rockchip. You need to use it together with a Type-C cable. It can be used to install an image to eMMC, delete image files from eMMC, read from and write to eMMC and etc.
If the image's MiniLoaderAll.bin has a different version or the image you want to flash to eMMC is different from the image that already exists in eMMC you need to erase eMMC and then flash your new image to it.Boot your board and enter the LOADER mode, run the following commands to erase eMMC. If a prompt shows "Download Boot Start" and it lasts for 10 seconds you need to press the Reset button and run the following commands again.
The qt5-player works with Rockchip's gstreamer plug-in and supports 4K video playing. Since Rockchip's plug-in only supports output images to an X11 window the qt5-player needs to use XCB for display.You can start the demo by running the following commands:
Another important parameter is drm-osd-size. When playing video in full screen, drm-osd-size is specified as the resolution of the screen. This parameter is automatically obtained by start-mpv and passed to mpv, start-mpv script will do one more important thing. It needs to ensure that the libmali library in the system uses the correct version, because mpv renders the image through gbm, so libmali.so needs to use this version: libmali-midgard-t86x -r14p0-gbm.so, which means that this version of mpv can only be used under FriendlyCore, can not be used under X11 Desktop.Mpv official use guide -player/mpv/wiki
After compilation is done a new image file will be generated in the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory under Android 10's source code directory. You can follow the steps below to update the OS in NanoPC-T4:1) Insert an SD card which is processed with EFlasher to an SD card reader and insert this reader to a PC running Ubuntu. The SD card's partitions will be automatically mounted; 2) Copy all the files under the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory to the SD card's android10 directory in the "FRIENDLYARM" partition;3) Insert this SD card to NanoPC-T4 and reflash AndroidWhen flashing Android 10, EFlasher requires v1.3 or above. When flashing with Type-C, please use the tool AndroidTool v2.71 or Linux_Upgrade_Tool v1.49 provided by Rockchip.
After compilation is done a new image file will be generated in the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory under Android 8.1's source code directory. You can follow the steps below to update the OS in NanoPC-T4:1) Insert an SD card which is processed with EFlasher to an SD card reader and insert this reader to a PC running Ubuntu. The SD card's partitions will be automatically mounted; 2) Copy all the files under the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory to the SD card's android8 directory in the "FRIENDLYARM" partition;3) Insert this SD card to NanoPC-T4 and reflash AndroidHere is an alternative guide to update OS: sd-fuse_rk3399
After compilation is done a new image file will be generated in the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory under Android7's source code directory. You can follow the steps below to update the OS in NanoPC-T4:1) Insert an SD card which is processed with EFlasher to an SD card reader and insert this reader to a PC running Ubuntu. The SD card's partitions will be automatically mounted; 2) Copy all the files under the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory to the SD card's android8 directory in the "FRIENDLYARM" partition;3) Insert this SD card to NanoPC-T4 and reflash AndroidHere is an alternative guide to update OS: sd-fuse_rk3399
DietPi is a highly optimised & minimal Debian-based Linux distribution. DietPi is extremely lightweight at its core, and also extremely easy to install and use. Setting up a single board computer (SBC) or even a computer, for both regular or server use, takes time and skill. DietPi provides an easy way to install and run favourite software you choose. For more information, please visit this link DietPi supports many of the NanoPi board series, you may download the image file from here:
1) Optimized the steps and stability of installing the system through typc-c. AndroidTool and configuration files are preset for each system's compressed package, and there is no need to manually load files (Note: When changing the OS type in EMMC, you still need to wipe In addition to Flash, then burn the new OS);2) Fixed the issue that the FriendlyWrt serial port could not be logged in; 2ff7e9595c